| Geomorphological characteristics of natural watercourses. Mode of presentation (situational plan, longitudinal profile, transverse profiles). River morphology. Shapes of riverbeds in plan, variability of longitudinal and transverse profile. River bottom configuration, alluvial forms and alluvial resistances. Hydrological characteristics of natural flows. Flow characteristics in natural flows. Hydraulic analysis of natural flows. Basic equations and simplifications in practice. Examples of 1D and 2D hydraulic calculations. Secondary currents. Physical models. River sediment - basic concepts, physical properties and factors that affect the sediment regime. Drawing, suspended and total sediment transport calculation methods. General and local trough deformation. Principles of determining regulatory elements. Classical and natural regulation. Division of regulatory buildings. Longitudinal control structures: types, position, structural elements, method of execution. Transverse control structures: types, position, structural elements, method of execution. Protection of bridges and culverts. Backfilling of reservoirs. Water regime regulation facilities. Anti-erosion basin management and torrent management facilities. Excavating. Causes of floods. Characteristics of large waters on alluvial and torrential watercourses. Flood damage. Flood risk. Active and passive flood defense. Integrated flood risk management strategy. Investment and non-investment flood protection measures. |
